ECU or electronic control unit is the three-letter answer for every innovative feature in a car. It is basically an embedded system which controls electrical subsystems in the transport vehicle. Ever since it has been introduced, it has played a crucial role in the evolution of cars from a mechanical to an electronics dominant device. This digital computer reads signals that come from sensors placed in different parts and various components of the vehicle. Resting on this information, it controls several vital units such as the engine and other forms of automated operations. In short, the electronic control unit is the central brain, which controls the different automated functions of semi-autonomous cars as well as fully operates automated cars. Such vehicles which incorporate the ECU offer benefits such as better fuel efficiency, little human input, and critical safety functions.

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ECU and its Key Components

An ECU comprises of several functional blocks such as,

• MPU- memory, and microprocessor (RAM and flash)
• Power Supply- analog and digital
• Communications Link
• Discrete Inputs- off/on switch type inputs
• Analog Inputs- feedback signal from sensors
• Frequency Inputs- encoder signals
• Switch Outputs- off/on switch type outputs
• Frequency Outputs
• PWM Outputs

The Common Types

Below are the three most common types of electronic control units,

• Engine Applications- The engine control unit too is abbreviated as ECU. This is used to control car engines with employing techniques which help to determine the quantity of fuel which the car has. Besides, it is also crucial to control the ignition and timing of such engines with basic reading values and sensors. Other functions include controlling variable valve timings and idle speed. A good number of vehicles have programmable types already and are fundamental when a car owner desires to modify the old engine of the vehicle.
• Airbag Applications- Also called an airbag, it is a passive safety device. It is known as the inactive counterpart of a seatbelt. This is an active part of a car when used by the car owner.
• Transmission Applications- Last but not least are the transmission applications. It uses sensors of the car and also its corresponding ECU. This will help to calculate how or when a person must change gears. In fact, this is crucial for making the shift quality better, as well as, offer increased fuel economy. Both are crucial for the car for reaching its optimum performance. Today transmissions have changed to an updated version which has such controls from hydromechanical controls. A vital change here is the transmission solenoid.

Factors that Led to the Move to ECU

The paradigm shifts of cars to complete electronic systems from the mechanical machine has opened doors for innovations such as mobility, in-car connectivity, HUD, infotainment, cruise control, and power steering. In modern connected vehicles, automotive ECU together with LiDAR sensor technology has eventually made the self-driving autonomous vehicle a reality. Electronics in automotive indeed has resulted in favorable results. Below are some factors that are driving this change,

• Pedestrian and Driver Safety- For government regulators and automotive OEMs, mitigation of driver disruption to ensure safety for pedestrians and drivers is always the top priority. The automotive suppliers and OEMs are capable to walk the talk owing to the capabilities of ECUs in the vehicle. The ECUs together with a camera, sensors, and image processing algorithms also support various advanced driver assistance systems such as pedestrian detection, forward collision alert, lane departure warning, driver drowsiness detection, and adaptive cruise control.
• Compliance with Government Rules and Regulations- A key stakeholder of automotive industry ecosystems are the government regulatory bodies. As an automotive supplier or OEM, it is mandatory in complying with these region-specific norms and regulations pertaining to emergency responses, safety, energy consumption, and emissions. Implementing such mandates in the absence of ECUs would have been impossible.

Though all engines offer high performance, but those with ECU will bring enhanced power delivery, better machine optimization, and improved fuel performance. Though the engine that one selects will rest on what they need it to do, choosing electronic today or upgrading it later will offer an opportunity of boosting performance and power across most applications.

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Key Questions Addressed by the Report

• What was the historic market size?
• Which segmentation (Product/ Capacity) is driving market?
• What will be the growth rate?
• How are the key players in this market?
• What are the strategies adopted by key players?

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

2.1 MARKET DEFINITION

2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

2.2.1 DEFINITION

2.2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

2.2.3 ASSUMPTIONS

2.2.4 LIMITATIONS

2.3 RESEARCH PROCESS

2.3.1 PRIMARY RESEARCH

2.3.2 SECONDARY RESEARCH

2.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION

2.5 FORECAST MODEL

3 MARKET LANDSCAPE

3.1.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS

3.1.2 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

3.1.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES

3.1.4 SEGMENT RIVALRY

3.1.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

3.2 VALUE CHAIN/SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

4 MARKET DYNAMICS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 MARKET DRIVERS

4.3 MARKET RESTRAINTS

4.4 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

4.5 MARKET TRENDS

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